Foreword	6
	Preface	8
	Outline of the Book	9
	References	9
	Acknowledgments	10
	Contents	16
	Acronyms	22
	Part I: Digital Systems Trends	23
	1: Machine Intelligence	24
	1.1 Introduction	24
	1.2 Intelligent and Expert Systems	25
	1.3 Machine Learning and Deep Learning	26
	1.4 Data Mining and Pattern Recognition	27
	1.4.1 Knowledge Discovery in Database (KDD)	28
	1.4.2 Sample, Explore, Modify, Model and Assess (SEMMA)	30
	1.4.3 Cross-Industry Standard Process for Data Mining (CRISP-DM)	30
	1.5 Applications of Machine Intelligence in Industry	32
	1.5.1 Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Healthcare	32
	1.5.1.1 Smart Wearables and Healthcare	33
	1.5.1.2 Intelligent Robotics in Healthcare	33
	1.5.1.3 Data Mining in Healthcare	34
	1.5.2 Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Manufacturing	34
	1.5.2.1 AI in Oil Production Management	34
	1.5.2.2 AI for the Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems (RMS)	35
	1.5.2.3 Hybrid AI System to Control Temperature in Steel Industry	35
	1.5.2.4 Machine Intelligence Enhanced Robots in Manufacturing	36
	1.6 Machine Intelligence for Smarter Industries	36
	1.7 Challenges for Machine Intelligence	37
	1.8 Case Studies	37
	Point of Attention	38
	Point of Attention	39
	1.9 Summary	39
	References	40
	2: Wearable Technologies	43
	2.1 Introduction	43
	2.2 Market Size and Outlook	44
	2.3 Trends for Wearable Adoption	47
	2.4 Applications	49
	2.4.1 Entertainment	49
	2.4.1.1 Wearable Headsets	49
	2.4.1.2 Smartwatches	49
	2.4.1.3 Fitness Devices	49
	2.4.2 Healthcare	50
	2.5 Wearable Technology and Big Data	51
	2.6 Challenges of Wearable Technology	52
	2.6.1 Design Constraints	54
	2.6.2 High Power Consumption	55
	2.6.3 High Initial Cost and Usage Restrictions	55
	2.6.4 Lack of Data Privacy and Security	55
	2.6.4.1 Vulnerability of Google Glass on Public Wi-Fi	56
	2.6.4.2 Denial-of-Service Attacks May Affect Doctors´ Tools	57
	2.6.4.3 Privacy Is at Risk as Wearables Collect Data	57
	2.6.4.4 Digital Pickpocketing Is Likely to Rise	57
	2.6.4.5 Smartphone Connections Could Be Exploited	57
	2.7 Case Studies	58
	Point of Attention	58
	Point of Attention	59
	2.8 Summary	59
	References	60
	3: Digital Currencies and Distributed Ledgers	63
	3.1 Introduction	63
	3.2 Understanding Digital Currencies	64
	3.2.1 Litecoin	68
	3.2.2 BBQCoin	68
	3.2.3 Chinacoin	68
	3.2.4 Devcoin	68
	3.2.5 Feathercoin	69
	3.2.6 PPCoin	69
	3.2.7 Novacoin	70
	3.2.8 Groupcoin	70
	3.2.9 Ixcoin	70
	3.2.10 Namecoin	70
	3.2.11 Terracoin	71
	3.2.12 Ven	71
	3.2.13 Zen	72
	3.3 Digital Currencies Versus Distributed Ledger	72
	3.4 Digital Currencies Advantages, Limitations, and Risks	73
	3.5 Case Studies	75
	Point of Attention	76
	Point of Attention	77
	3.6 Summary	78
	References	78
	4: Data Visualization	81
	4.1 Introduction	81
	4.2 The Power of Data Visualization	82
	4.2.1 Interactive Data Visualization	83
	4.3 Data Visualization: The State of the Art	84
	4.4 Visualization Techniques	85
	4.4.1 Radial and Hyperbolic Tree	86
	4.4.2 Treemaps	86
	4.4.3 Geo-spatial Visualization	87
	4.4.4 Animated Data Visualization	88
	4.4.5 Networks Visualization	88
	4.5 Applications of Data Visualization in Industry	89
	4.5.1 Data Visualization in Bioinformatics	91
	4.5.2 Data Visualization in Social Sciences	94
	4.5.2.1 Social Node-Link Visualization	94
	4.5.2.2 Geographic Based Social Networks Visualization	95
	4.5.2.3 Geo-temporal Based Social Networks Visualization	96
	4.6 Key Factors for Good Visualization	96
	4.7 Challenges Facing Data Visualization Software Development	97
	4.8 Review of Data Visualization Tools	98
	4.8.1 Tableau	98
	4.8.2 JMP (SAS)	99
	4.8.3 Qlik	99
	4.8.4 IBM Cognos	99
	4.8.5 Tibco Spotfire	100
	4.9 Case Studies	100
	Point of Attention	101
	Point of Attention	101
	4.10 Summary	101
	References	102
	5: Digital Security	104
	5.1 Introduction	104
	5.2 Digital Security Challenges Facing Business Organizations	105
	5.3 The Rise of Malware Attacks	106
	5.4 Digital Security Challenges Facing Business Organizations	107
	5.5 Threat Implications on Business Organizations	108
	5.5.1 Revenue Loss	108
	5.5.2 Brand Damage	111
	5.5.3 Data Loss	111
	5.5.4 Recovery Costs	112
	5.6 Existing Techniques for Disaster Recovery	113
	5.6.1 Configuration Management	114
	5.7 Case Studies	115
	Point of Attention	117
	Point of Attention	117
	5.8 Summary	118
	References	119
	Part II: Digital Management Trends	122
	6: NeuroIS	123
	6.1 Introduction	123
	6.2 Neurophysiological Tools: An Overview	124
	6.2.1 Electroencephalogram Tools (Brain Imaging Tools)	124
	6.2.2 Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Brain Imaging Tools)	125
	6.2.3 Electro Dermal Activity (Psychophysiological Tools)	126
	6.3 Challenges of Neurophysiological Tools	126
	6.3.1 Slow Information Transfer Rate	126
	6.3.2 High Fault Rate	127
	6.3.3 Autonomy	128
	6.3.4 Varied Cognitive Load	128
	6.4 Business Application of NeuroIS: Neuromarketing	128
	6.4.1 The Barriers of Neuromarketing	130
	6.4.2 Benefits of Neuromarketing	131
	6.5 Challenges of Adopting Neuromarketing	132
	6.6 Case Studies	132
	Point of Attention	133
	Point of Attention	134
	Point of Attention	135
	Point of Attention	135
	6.7 Summary	136
	References	137
	7: Digital Transformation and IT Ambidexterity	139
	7.1 Introduction	139
	7.2 Organizational Transformation as Loss and Gain	142
	7.2.1 IT Innovations as Disruptive IT Events	144
	7.2.2 Types of IT Events	145
	7.3 The Challenges of IT-Induced Changes for System Users	146
	7.3.1 Employees´ Emotions	146
	7.3.2 Users´ Psychological Stress	147
	7.4 User Adaptation to Disruptive IT Events	148
	7.4.1 Coping to IT-Related Organizational Changes	148
	7.5 IT Ambidexterity and Organizational Agility	149
	7.6 Case Studies	153
	Point of Attention	153
	Point of Attention	154
	7.7 Summary	154
	References	154
	8: Digital Business Strategy and IT Alignment	159
	8.1 Introduction	159
	8.2 IT and Business Strategy	160
	8.3 Digital Business Strategy	162
	8.3.1 Scope of Digital Business Strategy	162
	8.3.2 Scale of Digital Business Strategy	164
	8.3.3 Speed of Digital Business Strategy	164
	8.3.4 Value Creation and Capture	165
	8.4 Getting Digitally Engaged	166
	8.5 Think Data Think Bigger	168
	8.5.1 Volume	170
	8.5.2 Velocity	170
	8.5.3 Variety	171
	8.6 Case Studies	172
	Point of Attention	173
	Point of Attention	174
	8.7 Summary	175
	References	176
	Part III: Digital Innovation Practices	178
	9: Innovation Practices	179
	9.1 Introduction	179
	9.2 Skytree	180
	9.2.1 Developer	180
	9.2.2 Applications	181
	9.3 DataHero	182
	9.3.1 Developer	182
	9.3.2 Applications	183
	9.4 Ripjar	184
	9.4.1 Developer	184
	9.4.2 Applications	184
	9.5 Oculus	185
	9.5.1 Developers	185
	9.5.2 Applications	186
	9.6 Ginger.io	187
	9.6.1 Developer	187
	9.6.2 Applications	188
	9.7 iMotions	188
	9.7.1 Developer	189
	9.7.2 Applications	190
	9.8 Abatis	191
	9.8.1 Developer	191
	9.8.2 Applications	192
	9.9 Dataloop	193
	9.9.1 Developers	193
	9.9.2 Applications	194
	9.10 Summary	195
	References	195
	10: Conclusion	197
	10.1 Digital Business Innovation: A Toolbox for a Future Agenda	197
	References	198
	Index	199